This course is designed as an introduction to the history and fundamentals of biometrics, with a specific focus on physiological biometrics such as of the face, eyes, or hands. The encyclopedia of biometrics provides a comprehensive reference to topics in biometrics, including concepts, modalities, algorithms, devices, systems, security, performance testing, applications and standardization. It is designed for professionals composed of practitioners and researchers in biometrics, pattern recognition and computer security. Biometrics identify people by measuring some aspect of individual anatomy or physiology such as your hand geometry or fingerprint, some deeply ingrained skill, or other behavioral characteristic such as your handwritten signature, or something that is a combination of the two such as your voice. Biometrics 910 retinal scan the most secure biometric reveal some medical conditions signature professional forgers may be able to reproduce signatures that fool the system voice a combination of physiological and behavioral biometrics. In wellcontrolled settings, accuracy is comparable to that of historically reliable biometrics including fingerprint and iris recognition phillips et al. Many different aspects of human physiology, chemistry or behavior can be used for biometric identification and authentication. The three commonly used modalities in the biometrics field, namely, fingerprint, face, and iris are covered in detail in this book. Mobile biometrics solutions live at the intersection of connectivity and identity. Challenges and opportunities iii preface in 2001 the computer science and telecommunications board cstb of the national research council nrc formed a committee whose 2003 report who goes there. Biometrics, smart cards, cryptography, fingerprint recognition, matchoncard, light. A common theme throughout volume 2 addresses the issue of what a buyerenduser needs to know to make an informed. It is considered a reliable solution for protecting the identity and the rights of individuals as it recognizes unique and immutable features.
What are reasonable, realistic expectations for biometrics. Understand biometric authentication and identification. Biometrics is the process by which a persons unique physical and other traits are detected and recorded by an electronic device or system as a means of confirming identity. At the most basic, biometrics can be best explained by breaking down the word. Among the features measured are face, fingerprints, hand geometry, handwriting, iris, retina, vein, and voice. Biometrics though in its nascent form has a number of tractable aspects like security, data integrity, fault tolerance and system recovery. Challenges and opportunities the national academy of sciences is a private, nonprofit, selfperpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Biometrics is the automated recognition of individuals based on their behavioral and biological characteristics. This approach has been referred to as cognitive biometrics.
Primary advantage is that the biometric system is able to operate handsfree and a users identity is confirmed by simply staring at the screen. Biometric characteristics are unique, personal characteristics that can be used to establish a persons identity. Leading biometric technologies based on direct imaging, measurement, and analysis of physical patterns are fingerprint recognition, eye and retinal scans, face facial recognition, and hand geometry. One of the primary functions of any security system is the control of people into or out of protected areas, such as physical buildings, information systems, and our national border. It is a rapidly evolving field with applications ranging from securely accessing ones computer to gaining entry into a country. Passive biometrics and does not require a persons cooperation highly complex technology and largely software based. The encyclopedia of biometrics provides a comprehensive reference to topics in biometrics, including concepts, modalities, algorithms, devices, systems, security, performance testing, applications and standardization with an az format, the encyclopedia of biometrics. Biometric characteristics are unique, personal characteristics that can be used to establish a persons. From the familiar fingerprint to cuttingedge retina scanning and facial recognition technology, it is increasingly the goto mechanism for protecting and providing access to sensitive data including money and confidential account information. Biometrics in 2020 a helpful illustrated overview thales.
The use of biometrics in payment systems is rapidly gaining prominence. Biometrics is a branch of information technology that aims towards establishing ones identity based on personal traits. Biometrics is presently a buzzword in the domain of information security as it provides. So biometrics, in this context, is the use of computers to recognize people, despite all of the acrossindividual similarities and withinindividual variations. The technology is mainly used for identification and access control, or for identifying individuals who are under surveillance. Thanks to the unique nature of many of these measurements, biometrics are particularly suited for identification. They incorporate either one or many biometric modalities for authentication or identification purposes, and take advantage of smartphones, tablets, other types of handhelds, wearable technology, and internet of things devices for versatile deployment capabilities. With an az format, the comprehensive encyclopedia of biometrics provides easy access to relevant information on all aspects of biometrics for those. Biometrics is only one of the ways used to establish or verify identity today. Cognitive biometrics is based on specific responses of the brain to stimuli, which could be used to trigger a computer database search. The deployment of largescale biometric systems in both. Jan 09, 2018 biometrics are fast becoming an integral part of online security. Classification of biometric traits biometrics system.
Then we will present our application of challengeresponse protocol to biometric data for easing the. Biometrics is the use of a persons physical or behavioral characteristics for the purpose of identification and verification. Software program collect biometric and other identifying info save biometrics and info to database query and search the database currently 1. Face recognition is a leading approach to person recognition. Biometric technologies can be read from start to end for those wanting an overview of the whole biometrics field, but also used as a reference, thanks to the index at the back. Beginning with the origins of biometrics, and taking the reader through explanations of the. The person is known to be existing in the database. Pdf encyclopedia of biometrics jeffrey cohn academia. Biometrics is one of the rapidly growing fields in the information technology sector with fingerprint recognition expected to remain the most dominant form of biometric technology. Biometrics is the automated use of physiological or. To assess the value of biometric security applications, it is useful to know a little about the basic principles of this technology. The idea of using biometrics for authentication is not new. Applying biometrics volume 2 is the followup to volume 1, moving from the basic information about biometrics more generally to specific case studies and applications.
The global biometrics market is growing at a fast pace, initially due to the need to. The encyclopedia of biometrics is the foremost reference for anyone needing information on the subject. The encyclopedia is composed of approximately 250 entries, covering all areas of biometrics including the following. Pdf on jan 1, 2008, f alonsofernandez and others published encyclopedia of biometrics find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. All statements and information in the book are believed to be accurate at the time being but are presented without warranty of any kind. Fundamentals of biometrics an entire section of volume 1 provides an introduction to biometrics so the reader has a basic foundation and generic understanding of the science behind the technology. Some of these challenges can be addressed by employing a multimodal biometric system. Using biometrics biometrics work best in public places or under observation remote veri. Overview of biometric techniques fingerprint, signature, iris, face, pace. Sep 09, 2003 one of the primary functions of any security system is the control of people into or out of protected areas, such as physical buildings, information systems, and our national border. The term biometrics derives from the word biometry, which refers to the statistical analysis of biological observations and phenomena.
The earliest form of biometrics appeared on the scene back in the 1800s. I already mentioned the use of hand geometry to identify staff at a nuclear reactor in the late 1970s. With an az format, the comprehensive encyclopedia of biometrics provides easy access to relevant information on all aspects of biometrics for those seeking entry into the broad field of biometrics. This paper is intended to help those considering an investment in biometrics whether for personal, business or other use. A framework for the adoption of biometric atm authentication in the kenyan banks benson m. A number of biometric characteristics have been in use for different applications 1, 2. Biometricsoverview the term biometrics is composed of two words. Recently, a new trend has been developed that merges human perception to computer database in a brainmachine interface. Technologies called biometrics can automate the identification of people by one or more of their distinct physical or behavioral characteristics. Alphonse bertillon, a perisian anthropologist and police desk clerk, developed a. Arranged alphabetically by topic such as ear biometrics or wavefront coded iris biometric systems, each entry, written by a specialist in the field, contains a list of synonyms, a definition, a detailed description, a summary, and a list. Authentication through the lens of pri acy, considered several authentication technologies, one of which was biometrics. Far frr biometrics biometricsterminology biometric template.
The basic premise of biometric authentication is that every person can be accurately identified by his or her intrinsic physical or behavioral. Biometrics offers greater security and convenience than traditional methods of personal recognition. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of biometrics. Aug 14, 2017 passive biometrics does not require the user to actively provide credentials, passively collecting user data in forms such as of face, voice and iris recognition techniques. In some applications, biometrics can replace or supplement the existing technology. It is when a candidate uses a biometric system for the first time, it. Such methods are based on those items a person has in their physical or mental possession e. The unimodal systems have to deal with various challenges such as lack of secrecy, nonuniversality of samples, extent of users comfort and freedom while dealing with the system, spoofing attacks on stored data, etc. We believe that the subject is not for the faint of heart, but at the same. Biometrics refers to automated methods of recognizing a person based on physiological or behavioral characteristics. Basic statistical concepts in biometrics hypothesis testing, type i and ii error, far, frr 4. Biometric identification authenticates secure entry, data or access via human biological information such as dna or fingerprints. How passive biometrics can help in it data security.
The term biometrics covers a wide range of technologies that can be. Few other modalities like hand geometry, ear, and gait. In this article we briefly explain the basics of biometrics. Biometrics wave poised to transform future driving. Biometrics are fast becoming an integral part of online security. Guidelines for the introduction of biometric measures. Unlike pass cards, keys and passwords, for example, the physical characteristics that can be used for biometric solutions. Biometrics is the measurement and statistical analysis of peoples unique physical and behavioral characteristics. Biometric systems rely on the use of physical or behavioral traits, such as fingerprints, face, voice and hand geometry, to establish the identity of an individual. Biometric recognition, or simply biometrics, is the science of establishing the identity of a person based on physical or behavioral attributes. Biometrics is gaining significance in the modern world, however the society is also faced with many important decisions regarding long term attitude towards it. Alphonse bertillon, a perisian anthropologist and police desk clerk, developed a method. The handbook of biometrics an edited volume contributed by prominent invited researchers in biometrics describes the fundamentals as well as the latest advancements in the burgeoning field of biometrics. Jain et al an introduction to biometric recognition wishes to operate at 0.
The encyclopedia of biometrics provides a comprehensive reference to topics in biometrics, including concepts, modalities, algorithms, devices, systems, security, performance testing, applications and standardization with an az format, the encyclopedia. Although passive biometrics as an it security mechanism is still finding its niche, it is safe to say that it offers a nice balance of user convenience and data security. Fingerprint and speech technology research based, ph. That is to say, biometrics are biological measurements. Accomplishing tomorrows training requirements today. Most cited biometric technology today articles elsevier. In addition to looking at specific biometric technologies, we will also discuss how to successfully implement, operate, and evaluate a. The subject of the current reportthe automatic recognition of individuals based on biological and behavioral traitsis one meaning, apparently dating from the early 1980s. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Biometric systems include several linked components for effective functionality. Biometrics is a technological and scientific authentication method based on biology and used in information assurance ia. Introduction to biometrics is the first textbook to introduce the fundamentals of biometrics to undergraduategraduate students. Biometric data processing is now often used in automated authentication verification and identification procedures, in particular for the control.
574 1252 242 120 1522 1384 130 533 654 1145 157 1317 545 1166 118 1147 1489 1505 42 996 646 1156 1130 986 880 189 1090 403 886 1021 771 1192 308